Sewing There are
six main stitches you need to know when machine sewing. Each stitch
has a particular function and once you know the rules you can
determine how to use them in different fabrics and applications.
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Straight
Stitch
Used for
sewing woven fabrics together, it is the most basic and most
important. It is also the foundation of all sewing, whether by hand or
machine. In the case of hand-sewing, a single thread is drawn in a
straight line through the front side of the fabric and then back
through, thereby bonding two pieces of fabric together. A sewing
machine achieves the same result by drawing a top thread through the
fabric then looping it with the bobbin (or bottom) thread. The stitch
length is graded by stitches-per-inch and fabric always determines
this—the heavier and stronger the weave, the smaller the stitch
length. The idea is that a shorter stitch will create a stronger bond
and the seam should never be stronger than the fabric.
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Basting
Stitch
Based on
the straight stitch, this particular stitch is exactly the same except
it is sewn in exceedingly long lengths. On your sewing machine it will
be your longest stitch length. The stitch is used to temporarily bond
two pieces together or to manipulate the fabric into gathers. A
section of fabric can be ruffled by first sewing a basting stitch. For
more security, two basting stitches can be sewn about a quarter of an
inch apart. Tie off one end of the seam using the loose threads (or
tails), then from the other end pull firmly on the top thread to
gather the fabric. The gathers can be distributed evenly by hand and
anchored by a single straight stitch.
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Zig-Zag
Stitch
This one
draws the thread back and forth in a “Z” direction. The stitch is
primarily used for sewing knits because of its ability to stretch.
Again, the fabric itself determines the stitch length, and in this
case width as well.
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Blind
Stitch
Although
many machines are capable of sewing this stitch, it is always best
presented when done by hand. The stitch is sewn from the backside of
the fabric, in a straight or “whip” fashion and never puncturing
through the front side of the project. The blind stitch is just that.
From the front you can’t see any stitch at all. It’s perfect for hems
and that’s why it’s also called the hem stitch.
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Topstitch
This one
is essentially the straight stitch with a different application.
Instead of being used to bind fabric together, it’s mostly used as a
decoration. Topstitching is added for detail and interest and is
rarely used for practical purposes. Just about the only time the
stitch is used for function is on collars, cuffs or facings. In this
case, it is used to anchor seam-allowances and to force the fabric to
lay in a certain direction.
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Back Tack
Technically, this machine-sewing technique isn’t a stitch, but it is
as important as the straight stitch. Every time a seam is started and
every time a seam is ended, the back tack should be implemented. The
back tack provides punctuation to the seams. By sewing forward,
backward, and then forward again this stitch is created. The back tack
should be used as knots would be when hand-sewing. It prevents seams
from unraveling and ensures professional quality. |